Location, location, location: understanding the geography of health policies in local spatial plans in England

This Royal Town Planning Institute report explores how health considerations are reflected in local planning policies across England.

While some local authorities are beginning to embed public health more prominently into their plans, the research finds that this integration remains inconsistent. This is particularly evident in the varied emphasis on health-related planning, such as promoting active travel and green spaces, across urban, rural, and coastal areas.

The report draws on a comprehensive health census of local plans adopted between 2012 and 2023, offering a detailed snapshot of how local governments are addressing health in planning. By combining geospatial analysis and local health indicators, the project identifies patterns in how planning frameworks account for public health outcomes. It reveals that stronger spatial understanding and strategic targeting can help tailor planning approaches to different geographical and health needs.

Recommendations include giving health and wellbeing a more central role in planning, using a wider set of health outcome measures (e.g. obesity, physical activity), and customizing planning efforts to address localised health disparities.

This report not only informs local authorities in England but offers a flexible methodology that can be adapted for international planning contexts aiming to prioritise health in the built environment.